Monday, October 27, 2008

The Role of Governments in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS

On the cluster map illustrating the electronic network surrounding HIV/AIDS (posted below on September 14), six different government websites show up: Sweden, Australia, the United States, the UK, Norway, and Switzerland. Three of these, Switzerland, Sweden, and the United States have all been host countries for the 12th, 4th, and 1st/3rd/6th International AIDS Conference, respectively. Australia hosted the 4th Annual IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Recently, Sweden has also hosted the 2007 International Workshop on HIV/AIDS with a focus on preventative work and led by two ministers from the Swedish government. 

The United States identifies itself as "a world leader in responding to the global pandemic of AIDS," the USAID website noting that:
The U.S. government has made the fight against HIV/AIDS a top priority, not only for humanitarian reasons, but because the HIV/AIDS crisis threatens the prosperity, stability, and development of nations around the world. USAID has funded almost $6 billion since inception of its international HIV/AIDS program in 1986, more than any other public or private organization. USAID currently has HIV/AIDS programs in nearly 100 countries worldwide.
In addition to USAID, the US launched the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which was recently resigned to continue for another five years. This plan increased US financial contribution for HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis by $48 billion.  Interestingly, on the PEPFAR website they make explicit their partnerships with civil society organizations, noting that "PEPFAR’s success is rooted in support for country-owned strategies and national programs with commitment of resources and dedication to results, achieved through the power of partnerships with governments, non-governmental, faith- and community-based organizations, the private sector, and groups of people living with HIV/AIDS. In 2007, 87 percent of PEPFAR partners were indigenous organizations, and nearly a quarter were faith-based."

The UK government's Department of International Development (DFID) has made a commitment to work on the UN's Millenium Development Goals, one of which is the eradication of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) has pledged their support to UNAIDS, civil society organizations working on prevention and treatment. These exemplify a common pattern of AIDS being picked up by government offices of international development once it had been successully reframed as such an issue. As mentioned in my previous post, a major player in the reframing of AIDS as a global development issue was the UN, not only in its formation of an alliance between development-related agencies under UNAIDS, but also in their inclusion of HIV/AIDS eradication as one of the six Millenium Development Goals. The impact of this inclusion on the movement of governmental bodies on the issue is made explicit in an Evaluation Report released by the Norwegian government in which they note that "in the year 2000, the HIV/AIDS challenge was made a priority for Norwegian Development Cooperation; the time coincided with the period that HIV/AIDS was given growing political attention with the adoption of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by World Leaders."

3 comments:

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Unknown said...

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